Attraction of adult sweet potato weevils, cylas formicarius elegantulus summers, coleoptera. Several features were extracted from the distress sound readings of the weevil to determine differences between populations or sexes. The sweetpotato weevils in hawaii their biology and control by martin sherman and minoru tamashiro introduction the sweetpotato, ipomoea batatas poir. Nov 18, 2014 sweet potato weevil is difficult to control effectively, even with the use of insecticides. Louisiana state university lsu digital commons lsu agricultural experiment station reports lsu agcenter 1954 the biology of the sweet potato weevil. Evidence reported in the journal current biology on april 12 shows that sweet potatoes arose before there were any humans around to eat them. The sweetpotato weevils in hawaii their biology and control. The duration of the egg, larval and pupal stages averaged 6. Virulence of the entomopathogenic fungi beauveria bassiana. The measure of the degree of dispersal from morning glory to sweet potato is clear, therefore the morning glory management around sweet potato fields is warranted. All sweetpotato weevil species have a similar life history.
Sweet potato originated from tropical central america. The african sweet potato weevil, cylas puncticollis, is highly sensitive to injected dsrna, but not to orally delivered dsrna. Advancements in molecular biology tools including next generation. Under controlled environmental conditions, 12 plants per clone were planted in an earth chamber. Sweet potatoes mississippi state university extension. Management of sweet potato weevil, cylas formicarius. Numerous strategies and techniques have been used in the different regions. Pest management 1989, miami, florida, usa the book sweet.
Evaluation of the selected sweet potato genotypes tolerance to sweet potato weevil cylas puncticollis boheman. The weevil was found to feed and breed on perennial weeds from ipomoea and convolvulus in the offseason. Biology and bionomics of sweet potato weevil cylas. Biology of the african sweetpotato weevil species cylas puncticollis boheman and c. Thesweetpotatoweevil cylasfovjnicariuselegantulus sum. Mar 03, 20 problems the sweetpotato weevil cylas formicarius is one of the most serious insects that causes damage to the sweetpotato crop even a small grub population can cause severe damage to the roots of a plant grub of the sweetpotato weevil because of the high incidence, many farmers are frustrated and are giving up cultivation. Radcliffe, abdelaziz lagnaoui, in potato biology and biotechnology, 2007. Under the quarantine, the movement of certain sweet potato related. The most common type of sweet potato found in us markets is the moist. The main source of spread was through planting material. Pests of sweetpotato nc state extension publications. Thus, fundamental studies on the characteristics of these sounds would be desirable for an understanding of how mating recognition and avoidance of enemies via sound is carried out in this species.
Field evaluation of breeding lines and cultivars of sweet potato for resistance to the sweet potato weevil. Progress 100108 to 093009 outputs progress report objectives from ad416 the objective of this cooperative research project is to monitor sweetpotato fields in the mississippi delta for damaging phyllophaga spp. The sweet potato became a favorite food item of the french and spanish settlers and thus continued a long history of cultivation in louisiana. The removal of dumped sweet potato and wild host plants was repeated as long as was necessary. Species composition of sweet potato weevils cylas spp on two sweet potato varieties was determined in the southern parts of the country. Pdf management of sweet potato weevil cylas formicarius fab. Its the pests white larvae that tunnel into sweet potato tubers, causing damage that frequently leads to root rot. The life cycle can continue throughout the year in stored sweet potatoes. Beauveria bassiana as the lethal factor in a taiwanese soil pernicious to sweet potato weevil, cylas formicarius. Crop rotation rotating sweet potato with other unrelated crops will be helpful to reduce weevil population. Use of sex pheromone trap for monitoring and management of sweet potato weevil cylas formicarius, fabricius. However, the sweet potato varieties nugget and all gold do possess some resistance.
Hostplant resistance could be a useful tool for managing the weevils cylas puncticollis and c. The journal of horticultural science and biotechnology 2019, 19, 111. Rarely, weevils are found as far north as new jersey. Discovered in eastern north carolina in 1967, sweetpotato weevils are now largely under control in this area.
Immature specimens of a rough sweetpotato weevil, blosyrus asellus olivier were first collected in hawaii at a commercial okinawan sweet potato farm in waipio, oahu. Biology of the african sweetpotato weevil species cylas puncticollis. In first generation, the highest egg period was recorded in co3 white 5. Cylas formicarius occurred as a serious pest of sweet potato and was distributed throughout the growing areas of sangli, satara and kolhapur districts in maharashtra, india. Brentidae, is the most serious pest of sweet potato ipomoea batatas l.
It is inherently of interest to entomologists due to its strikingly colorful appearance and extremely long rostrum beak. Sweetpotato weevil is the most serious pest of sweet potato, not only in the united states, but around the world. Nuclease activity decreases the rnai response in the. The orange flesh sweet potato varietiesgenotypes that are cultivated in india are kamala sundari, gouri, sankar. Curculionidae, by placing absorbent paper on the artificial diet after egg seeding and ensuring air permeability of the rearing tray. Problems in growing sweet potatoes are sweet potato weevil in the southern half of the state, larvae of various insects that burrow into the roots, and the diseases scurf soil stain and soil rot. The sweetpotato weevil, cylas formicarius fabricius coleoptera. The west indian sweet potato weevil, euscepes postfasciatus, has been maintained for over 44 generations 8 years for its eradication program in the okinawa prefectural plant protection center. Regulatory control of sweetpotato weevil storedproductinsects. Sweetpotato weevils differentially attracted to colors. Pacific pests and pathogens fact sheets sweetpotato west indian weevil 119 common name west indian sweetpotato weevil scientific name. A battle of good versus weevil researchers at the university of southern queensland are exploring ways of using fungus to safeguard the worlds sweet potato harvest. Very good yields of uniform, cylindrical roots even in northern climates. It is also for researchers and extension workers who are evaluating local and newly introduced sweet potato germplasm.
A general one giving uptodate information on the history, botany, cultivars, genetic engineering, propagation, diseases and pests, nutritional data and marketing. Biology and management of the west indian sweet potato. How the sweet potato crossed the pacific way before the europeans did. Aug 04, 2011 the sweetpotato weevil is a year round pest under warm conditions and even small populations can cause severe damage to the tubers. Insect resistance in sweetpotato plant introduction accessions. Adult west indian sweetpotato weevil, euscepes postfasciatus, showing typical weevil snout, and part of the distinctive white patch on the wing case. This novel compound provides several economic applications such as the. Biology and chemical ecology of the sugarcane beetle and. Sweet potato technical manual 4 est diversity of sweet potato germplasm is in columbia, ecuador, guatemala and peru. Resistance to the weevils cylas puncticollis and cylas.
It causes damage in the field, in storage, and is of quarantine significance. No published reports have been found of its presence elsewhere. The different cylas spp are located in distinct geographic regions, but their mode of action and damage symptoms to sweet potato plant are similar table 1 33 45. A variety of insects will feed on the foliage of sweet potatoes, but these are generally of minor concern as sweet potatoes can. The sweet potato weevil, cylas formicarius elegantulus coleoptera, curculionidae, is a major pest of sweet potato in cuba. Established parameters for a good tuber yield were provided. The insect occurs circumglobally in tropical and subtropical regions of asia, the pacific, africa, the caribbean and the united states.
Sweet potato ipomea batatas the sweet potato is a warmseason vegetable of tropical origin and is one of the most nutritious vegetables that can be grown in the garden. Brentidae, is the most destructive pest of the sweet potato, ipomoea batatus linnaeus. The number of captured weevils was maintained at less than 10trap from november 1996. A symptom of infestation by sweetpotato weevil is yellowing of the vines, but a heavy infestation is usually necessary before this is apparent. The adult female lays eggs singly in cavities excavated in vines or in storage roots, preferring. Measures like sufficient rotation, use of clean planting material, sanitation and timely planting should be effective in reducing incidence of this pest.
Sweetpotato weevils and their eradication programs in. She is applying for funding to begin sweet potato growing to determine whether any crop varieties have natural resistance to the weevil. A unique sweet potato with pink skin and extra sweet, deep orange flesh. Sweetpotato weevil is considered to be the most serious pest of sweet potato, with reports of losses ranging from five to 97% in areas where the weevil occurs. Eradication of sweet potato weevil, cylas formicarius. Developed and maintained over 20 years by organic grower john mahon. Virulence of the entomopathogenic fungi beauveria bassiana and metarhizium anisopliae to sweet potato weevil cylas puncticollis and effects on fecundity and egg viability s. Sweet potato weevil is the most disastrous pest affecting sweet potato. However, farmers could prevent or minimise the damage through a number of cultural, biological and chemical control methods. The west indian sweetpotato weevil is present throughout sweetpotatoproducing regions of the americas, and in japan, where an eradication program is currently underway. Losses increase the longer the crop remains in the ground unharvested.
Biology and bionomics of sweet potato weevil cylas formicarius fabr. Exploration, maintenance and utilization of sweet potato genetic resources. However, fungi, bacteria, viruses, nematodes and phytoplasma are known to attack sweet potato clark and moyer 1988. Cylas formicarius, the sweet potato weevil, is a species of sweet potato weevil in the beetle family brentidae. The weevil can be managed by integrated pest management ipm strategy, which includes host plant. One cup of cooked sweet potato can provide 30 mg 50,000 iu of carotene, whereas 23 cups of broccoli are required to provide the same amount of carotene sakamoto et al. Insect resistance in sweetpotato plant introduction accessions d. The life stages of cylas formicarius in sweet potato tubers were assessed during first and second generations. In all, the understanding of the biology of sweet potato weevil infestation is essential so that specific preventive method can be designed. The impact on yield depends to a great extent on the soil and weather. Sweet potato weevil is the major constraint and no resistant varieties are available for the same. Sweetpotato weevils differentially attracted to colors annapolis, md. Mcquate is researching the weevils biology and ways to. Sweetpotato weevil is considered to be the most serious pest of sweet potato, with reports of losses ranging from five to more than 80%.
Sweet potato breeding this manual is for researchers in the pacific region who are starting sweet potato breeding programmes but lack training and experience in genetics and plant breeding. The biology of the weevil makes it a difficult insect to control. Pdf biology of sweet potato weevil, cylas formicarius f. How to identify, prevent and get rid of sweet potato weevils homyden pest and disease control june 27, 2019 cylas formicarius, the scientific name of sweet potato weevil, is the most common pest that affects sweet potato. Vegetable laboratory, 2700 savannah highway, charleston, sc 29414. Fruit, vegetable and cereal science and biotechnology 2012 global science books. Demographic comparison of sweetpotato weevil reared on a. There is currently little information on existing resistance mechanisms against cylas spp. The major biotic problems in sweet potato cultivation worldwide are sweet potato weevil and viral diseases. Eggs are deposited singly in a small cavity that the female eats in stems or sweet potatoes or in cracks or crevices.
Weevils causing big problems for big island sweet potato. The biology of the sweet potato weevil lsu digital commons. Several dsrnases were identified in the cylas puncticollis transcriptome and were further characterized two dsrnases are expressed specifically in the gut lumen of cylas puncticollis and are able to affect the dsrna stability. George washington carver was an american agricultural chemist, agronomist, and experimenter whose development of new products derived from peanuts groundnuts, sweet potatoes, and soybeans helped revolutionize the agricultural economy of the. Sexual differences in distress sound in the west indian sweet. Download pdf sweet potato free online new books in. Virulence of the entomopathogenic fungi beauveria bassiana and metarhizium anisopliae to sweet potato weevil cylas puncticollis and. The andean potato weevil complex is a group of closely related curculionids attacking potatoes grown above 2500 m. Management of sweet potato weevil cylas formicarius fab. The adult form of the sweet potato weevil is a shiny black antlike insect with a long snout and a red neck technically speaking, a prothorax. Mcquate is researching the weevil s biology and ways to. Itlives only on the sweetpotato and other plantsofthe genus. The improved cultivars delivered by traditional breeding do not show a stable performance for different ecological conditions.
Biology and management of the west indian sweet potato weevil. The salt the genes of the root vegetable have a juicy story to tell of transoceanic adventure. Sweet potato production and pest management in georgia. Clip the base of the slips before planting or use vine cuttings to reduce scurf infection. Improvement of survival of the west indian sweet potato weevil, euscepes postfasciatus coleoptera. Approach from ad416 pheromone traps will be baited with blends of two amino acit methyl esters and monitored throughout. A rough sweetpotato weevil blosyrus asellus olivier coleoptera. No resistance to this pest has been found in irish potatoes.
Marked adults of the sweetpotato weevil were caught as much as 2 kilometers from release. Report of the first sweet potato planning conference. The biology of the african sweetpotato weevil species, 23. Although they are often referred to as yams, sweet potatoes are not actually yams. Sweetpotato ranks seventh among all food crops worldwide, with an annual. A true yam is an entirely different and botanically unrelated, edible tuber that is starchy, not sweet, with coarse, tough, almost barklike brown skin. Some varieties of sweet potato regal, for instance have some resistance to the weevil as well as other beetle pests but the most popular orangefleshed variety, beauregard, is highly susceptible. Biol bionomics sweet potato weevil cylas formicarius fabr. The crop is grown in several countries globally, but production primarily occurs in tropical and subtropical areas where it is an important staple in the diets of many people. The most important species are premnotrypes latithorax pierce limited to chile, bolivia and southern peru, premnotrypes suturicallus kuschel in central peru and. Adults fed on the leaves, tender buds, stems and root tubers, while the larvae attacked only the stems, roots and tubers. The adult female lays eggs singly in cavities excavated in vines or in storage roots, preferring the latter. Biology of sweet potato weevil, cylas formicarius f. The orange and redfleshed varieties are rich sources of betacarotene, which is the precursor to vitamin a.
Sweet potato history casts doubt on early contact between. Crops grown in heavy clay loams produce irregular shaped tubers. Weevil populations in the control area decreased rapidly after the start of the control project, november 1995 to december 1996 fig. Sweet potatoes fed upon by weevil larvae become extremely bitter in taste so even minor feeding renders the potato unmarketable. Sweet potato ipomoea batatas breeding university of hawaii. The crop is sensitive to drought at tuber initiation stage 5060 days after planting. High quality tubers are best produced on fertile, well drained, sandy loams. It feeds on sweet potato foliage but usually does little damage.
Sweet potato casserole is a side dish of mashed sweet potatoes in a casserole dish, topped with a brown sugar and pecan topping. Curculionidae, to sweet potato leaf and root volatiles. Sweet potato weevils have favorite colors science news. Distribution sweetpotato weevils are a serious problem in some coastal areas from north carolina to texas. Jul 09, 2015 this shows that implications of the lifetable data in ipm andor weevil biology. Convolvulaceae littlebell, or aiea morning glory is widespread and serves as an alternative host for c. Providing a brief description of the specific sweet potato components, their role during processing, and strategies for quality optimization, this book also explores novel methods of sweet potato starch, protein and pectin modification providing students, researchers, and technologists working in the area of food science and others with the.
Nov 10, 2016 she is applying for funding to begin sweet potato growing to determine whether any crop varieties have natural resistance to the weevil. A quarantine is established against the following pest, its hosts, and possible carriers. Biology of the sweet potato weevil, cylas formicarius. The sweet potato weevil is unique among these pests in that all stages can occur in the roots and it can complete its lifecycle in roots in storage, making it the most severe storage pest. A study was made of the insect biology at different temperatures and relative humidities rh.
Some of the kanamycin resistant clones and one untransformed were selected to perform the first biological test for sweet potato weevil resistance. Cylas formicarius, the sweet potato weevil, is a species of sweet potato weevil in the family of beetles known as brentidae. January 3, 2014 the sweetpotato weevil, cylas formicarius fabricius, is the most serious pest of sweetpotato around the world, damaging sweetpotatoes in the field and in storage. Biology and management of the west indian sweet potato weevil, euscepes postfasciatus. Paying attention to the color of insect traps could help make sure you see no weevil. Rough weevil, striped weevils, and peloropus weevils are other weevil pests of sweet potato 16,31,32. Pathogenic bacteria, although not very common, are responsible for important economic losses. Insecticides for the control of wireworms can be applied in furrow at planting, broadcast and incorporated into the soil, or broadcast later over the top of sweet potato.
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